The combination of fentanyl and benzodiazepines represents one of the most dangerous drug interactions fueling the current overdose crisis. This article provides a comprehensive overview of both medical and illicit use of these substances, the unique and severe risks of overdose when they are combined, prevention strategies, and available treatment options. The information here is intended for individuals, families, and healthcare providers concerned about the dangers of fentanyl and benzodiazepines—whether prescribed or obtained illicitly. Understanding this topic is critical due to the alarming rise in overdose deaths and the unique, life-threatening dangers posed by this drug combination.
Summary Statement:
When used together, fentanyl and benzodiazepines create a dangerous synergistic effect that significantly increases the risk of life-threatening overdose and death. Severe respiratory depression, which can cause breathing to become slow or stop altogether, is the most dangerous effect of combining fentanyl and benzodiazepines. Taking opioids with benzodiazepines can increase the risk of overdose because both types of drugs can cause sedation and suppress breathing.
Benzodiazepines are central nervous system depressants prescribed to treat panic, anxiety, acute stress reactions, and sleep disorders. Common examples include diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), and clonazepam (Klonopin).
Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid used for severe pain management, 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine and 50 times more powerful than heroin.
Both fentanyl and benzodiazepines are powerful central nervous system (CNS) depressants that slow vital functions like breathing and heart rate. When taken together—whether intentionally or unknowingly—these drugs create serious risks including respiratory depression, profound sedation, and death.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, drug overdose deaths involving both opioids and benzodiazepines have increased dramatically in recent years. Understanding the dangers of combining these substances can save lives. For those affected, treatment for substance use through programs like intensive outpatient care may provide the necessary support.
At Turning Point of Tampa, we’ve witnessed firsthand the devastating consequences of polysubstance use. Our comprehensive medical detox program safely treats individuals dependent on opioids, benzodiazepines, or both substances.
Understanding Opioids and Benzodiazepines as CNS Depressants
Both opioids, like fentanyl, and benzodiazepines function as central nervous system depressants, meaning they slow messages between the brain and body. This shared mechanism creates the foundation for their dangerous interaction.
How Opioids Affect the Body
Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid used for severe pain management and is 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine and 50 times more powerful than heroin. Opioids—including prescription opioids like oxycodone (OxyContin), hydrocodone (Vicodin), codeine, morphine, and synthetic options like fentanyl—are typically prescribed to treat pain and manage pain relief. These medications work by binding to opioid receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and other areas, blocking pain signals and producing feelings of euphoria.
Common Prescription Opioids
If you or someone you know is struggling with opioid use, remember that recovery is possible and perseverance can lead to miracles.
- Fentanyl (Duragesic patches)
- Oxycodone (OxyContin, Percocet)
- Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
- Morphine
- Codeine
Illegal opioids like heroin also fall into this category. Many heroin users unknowingly consume fentanyl, as dealers commonly mix these substances to increase potency and profits.
How Benzodiazepines Affect the Body
Benzodiazepines are central nervous system depressants that slow brain activity and are prescribed to treat anxiety, panic, acute stress reactions, and sleep disorders. Common benzodiazepines include diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), and clonazepam (Klonopin). These medications—often called benzos—work by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity.
Common Benzodiazepines
- Alprazolam (Xanax)
- Diazepam (Valium)
- Clonazepam (Klonopin)
- Lorazepam (Ativan)
Both Xanax and Valium are among the most commonly prescribed benzodiazepines in the United States. While effective for managing anxiety and insomnia when used as prescribed, these medications carry addiction potential and increased risk when combined with other drugs.
Transitioning from understanding how these drugs work individually, it’s essential to explore why their combination is especially hazardous.
The Synergistic Effect: Why Combining These Drugs Is So Dangerous
When benzodiazepines and opioids are taken together, they create what’s called a synergistic effect—the combined impact exceeds the sum of each drug’s individual effects. This multiplication of depressant effects on the central nervous system creates life-threatening consequences.
Respiratory Depression
The most dangerous consequence of concomitant use of opioids and benzodiazepines is severe respiratory depression. Both drug classes slow breathing independently, but together they can reduce breathing to dangerously low levels or stop it entirely. This lack of oxygen to the brain and vital organs quickly leads to overdose death.
Extreme Sedation and Drowsiness
The combination produces extreme drowsiness and profound sedation far beyond what either substance causes alone. Patients experiencing this level of sedation may:
- Become unable to recognize overdose symptoms
- Lose consciousness
- Experience extreme sleepiness, preventing them from seeking help
- Develop impaired movement and coordination leading to falls and injuries
Increased Overdose Risk
Research published in cohort studies examining drug overdose deaths consistently shows that concomitant use of benzodiazepines significantly increases opioid overdose risk. According to studies by Funk MJ and Hirsch A, published in North Carolina medical journals, patients prescribed both medication classes face dramatically elevated overdose fatality rates compared to those taking opioids alone.
Every day, approximately 220 Americans die after overdosing on opioids. In 2021, nearly 14% of overdose deaths involving opioids also involved benzodiazepines. The overdose death rate among patients receiving both opioids and benzodiazepines was 10 times higher than among those only receiving opioids.
Recognizing Overdose: Signs and Symptoms
Identifying a suspected overdose quickly can mean the difference between life and death. The skin of individuals combining these substances may become cold, clammy, and/or turn a blue or purplish color, especially around the lips and fingernails due to lack of oxygen. Symptoms of combined opioid and benzodiazepine overdose include:
Physical Symptoms
- Severely slowed or stopped breathing (respiratory depression)
- Blue or purple lips and fingernails
- Cold, clammy skin
- Unconsciousness or unresponsiveness
- Pinpoint pupils (from opioids)
- Weak pulse or irregular heartbeat
- Profound sedation or extreme sleepiness
Behavioral Warning Signs Before Overdose
- Increasing tolerance requires higher doses
- Using drugs more frequently than prescribed
- Combining substances, including alcohol, with medications
- Obtaining pills or other drugs from multiple sources
- Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when medications aren’t available
Understanding these risks is crucial, but it’s also important to recognize how these dangers play out in real-world scenarios, including prescription and illicit drug use.
The Fentanyl Crisis and Benzodiazepine Contamination
Illegally manufactured fentanyl entered the drug supply in the 1970s and has since created an unprecedented overdose crisis. Fentanyl is approximately 50-100 times more potent than morphine and 30-50 times stronger than heroin. Even tiny amounts can cause a fatal overdose.
Recently, street drugs have been increasingly contaminated with veterinary sedatives like xylazine and medetomidine. These substances are not approved for human use and are intended exclusively for animal use. Their presence in illicit drug mixtures increases overdose risks and complicates overdose treatment.
Street Drugs Contaminated with Fentanyl
Dealers frequently mix fentanyl into heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, and counterfeit pills to increase potency while reducing costs. Users may have no idea they’re consuming fentanyl, dramatically increasing overdose risk. Recent drug seizure data shows fentanyl contamination spreading beyond opioids:
Cocaine Users: Many cocaine users have suffered unexpected overdose deaths after unknowingly consuming cocaine mixed with fentanyl. The Centers for Disease Control report increasing overdose deaths among cocaine users due to fentanyl contamination.
Methamphetamine and Crystal Meth: Stimulants like methamphetamine and crystal meth are increasingly contaminated with fentanyl or combined with benzodiazepines, creating dangerous combinations.
Counterfeit Pills: Fake prescription pills that look identical to legitimate Xanax, Valium, Klonopin, Percocet, or Vicodin pills often contain fentanyl, benzodiazepines, or both substances.
Tranq Dope: A newer threat called “tranq dope” combines fentanyl with xylazine (a veterinary sedative), creating additional complications for medical treatment of suspected overdose cases.
Benzodiazepine Contamination in the Drug Supply
Canadian drug seizure data and research from disease control agencies reveal that benzodiazepines—particularly illicitly manufactured versions—are increasingly found mixed with fentanyl and other opioids. This contamination often occurs without users’ knowledge, creating situations where individuals face overdose risk from multiple CNS depressants simultaneously.
As the crisis evolves, understanding the scope and patterns of overdose deaths becomes even more important.
Drug Overdose Deaths: Understanding the Statistics
The scope of overdose deaths involving opioids, benzodiazepines, or both substances together reveals the severity of this crisis.
National Overdose Trends
According to the Centers for Disease Control:
- Nearly 100,000 drug overdose deaths occurred in recent years
- Approximately 65% of overdose deaths involve synthetic opioids like fentanyl
- Drug overdose deaths involving both benzodiazepines and opioids account for a significant percentage of these fatalities
- Overdose deaths continue rising despite increased access to naloxone and prevention efforts
Regional Patterns
Studies examining specific regions, including research from North Carolina, found that concomitant benzodiazepine prescription alongside opioid medication significantly increases overdose fatality risk. Emergency department data shows that drug poisoning cases involving multiple substances—particularly opioids combined with benzos, alcohol, or stimulants—comprise the majority of overdose presentations.
With these statistics in mind, it’s important to understand that prescription medication use can also carry significant risks.
Prescription Medication Risks: When Doctors Prescribe Both
While street drug combinations pose obvious dangers, patients prescribed both benzodiazepines and opioids for legitimate medical conditions also face serious risks.
Co-Prescription Concerns
Healthcare providers sometimes prescribe benzodiazepines and prescription opioids together, typically when patients have:
- Chronic pain requiring opioid pain medication
- Anxiety disorders requiring benzodiazepine treatment
- Multiple conditions necessitating various medications
However, concomitant use of these prescribed substances carries the same increased risk as illegal drug combinations. The Food and Drug Administration has issued black box warnings about combining these medication classes.
Tolerance and Escalating Doses
A pain med prescribed for legitimate pain relief can lead to tolerance, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect. Similarly, benzodiazepine prescriptions for anxiety or insomnia may increase over time. As doses escalate, overdose risk grows—particularly when both medication types are involved.
Doctor Shopping and Multiple Providers
Some patients obtain benzodiazepine prescriptions from one healthcare provider while receiving prescription opioids from another, creating situations where no single doctor knows the full medication picture. This fragmented care increases accidental overdose risk.
Recognizing the signs of overdose and knowing how to respond is the next critical step.
Emergency Response and Medical Treatment
Naloxone for Opioid Reversal
Naloxone (Narcan) is an opioid antagonist medication that rapidly reverses opioid overdose effects. When administered during a suspected overdose, naloxone can restore normal breathing within minutes. Many states now provide naloxone without a prescription, and community organizations offer free naloxone distribution.
Important Limitation: Naloxone only reverses opioid effects—it does not work on benzodiazepines or other drugs. When someone has taken both substances, naloxone may partially reverse the overdose, but respiratory depression from benzodiazepines may persist.
Flumazenil for Benzodiazepine Reversal
Flumazenil can reverse benzodiazepine overdose, but it’s used less commonly than naloxone due to seizure risks in patients with benzodiazepine dependence. Emergency department physicians typically reserve flumazenil for specific situations rather than routine overdose treatment.
Seeking Emergency Care
Any suspected overdose requires immediate emergency medical attention. Call 911 without delay. Even if naloxone is administered and the person appears to recover, they need professional medical evaluation because:
- Fentanyl effects may outlast naloxone, causing renewed respiratory depression
- Benzodiazepines remain in the system after naloxone wears off
- Other medical complications may be present
- Professional monitoring prevents additional overdose
Understanding emergency response is vital, but prevention remains the best strategy.
Prevention: Reducing Overdose Risk
Safer Prescribing Practices
Healthcare providers can reduce harm by:
- Avoiding concomitant prescription of opioids and benzodiazepines whenever possible
- Prescribing the lowest effective doses
- Monitoring patients closely through prescription drug monitoring programs
- Educating patients about serious risks
- Considering alternative treatments for pain, anxiety, and insomnia
Patient Safety Measures
If you must take prescription opioids or benzodiazepines (or both), protect yourself by:
- Taking medications exactly as prescribed
- Never combine with alcohol or other drugs
- Storing medications securely away from others
- Never sharing pills with anyone else
- Informing all healthcare providers about every medication you take
- Having naloxone available if using opioids
- Never use alone—ensure someone can call for help if needed
Harm Reduction for People Using Drugs
If you or someone you know uses heroin, fentanyl, benzodiazepines, or other drugs:
- Use fentanyl test strips to check for contamination
- Never use alone—use with someone who can get help
- Start with small amounts when trying new substances
- Carry naloxone and know how to use it
- Access syringe services programs for clean supplies
- Consider medication-assisted treatment options
For those already struggling with dependence, professional treatment is essential.
Treatment for Opioid and Benzodiazepine Dependence
Dependence on opioids, benzodiazepines, or both substances requires professional medical treatment. Abruptly stopping either drug class causes potentially dangerous withdrawal symptoms.
Medical Detoxification
Medical detox at Turning Point of Tampa provides safe, supervised withdrawal from opioids, benzodiazepines, or both substances. Our medical team:
- Monitors vital signs continuously
- Manages withdrawal symptoms with appropriate medication
- Provides a comfortable, supportive environment
- Prepares patients for continuing treatment
- Addresses co-occurring medical conditions
Withdrawal from benzodiazepines requires gradual tapering under medical supervision to prevent seizures and other complications. Similarly, opioid withdrawal—while not typically life-threatening—causes severe discomfort that medication can ease.
Comprehensive Addiction Treatment
Following detox, comprehensive treatment addresses the psychological, behavioral, and social aspects of addiction. At Turning Point of Tampa, we offer:
- Residential treatment providing intensive therapy in a structured environment
- Individual therapy addressing underlying issues and developing coping skills
- Group therapy provides peer support and shared learning
- 12-Step integration connecting patients to lifelong recovery resources
- Dual diagnosis treatment for co-occurring mental health conditions
- Aftercare programming supporting long-term recovery
- unique issues and risk factors faced by athletes in addiction and recovery
Recovery is possible with proper treatment and support. Don’t let fear or shame prevent you from seeking help.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can you take benzodiazepines and opioids together?
Opioids and Benzodiazepines
Taking benzodiazepines and opioids together is extremely dangerous and should only occur under close medical supervision in specific circumstances. Both substances are central nervous system depressants that slow breathing and heart rate. When combined, they create a synergistic effect where the total impact far exceeds what either drug produces alone.
The Food and Drug Administration has issued black box warnings—the strongest safety alert—about concomitant use of opioids and benzodiazepines. Research consistently shows this combination dramatically increases the risk of extreme drowsiness, respiratory depression, overdose, and death.
If healthcare providers determine both medications are medically necessary, they should:
- Use the lowest effective doses
- Monitor patients extremely closely
- Educate patients about serious risks
- Consider alternative treatments first
- Limit prescription duration
Many overdose deaths occur when patients prescribed both medication classes also consume alcohol or other substances, or when they take more than prescribed. Never combine these medications without explicit direction from a healthcare provider who knows your complete medical history and all substances you’re taking.
If you’re currently taking both benzodiazepines and opioids, discuss the risks with your doctor. Don’t stop either medication abruptly, as withdrawal can be dangerous. Work with your healthcare team to develop a safer treatment plan addressing your medical needs while minimizing overdose risk.
What medications should not be taken with fentanyl?
Fentanyl and Drug Interactions
Several medications and substances create dangerous interactions with fentanyl, a highly potent synthetic opioid. In the context of substance misuse, issues like relapse after rehab are common, and understanding them can support recovery efforts. Never combine fentanyl with:
- Benzodiazepines: Xanax, Valium, Klonopin, Ativan, and other benzos dramatically increase respiratory depression and overdose risk when taken with fentanyl. This combination causes more overdose deaths than any other drug interaction.
- Other Opioids: Taking fentanyl alongside other prescription opioids like oxycodone, hydrocodone, morphine, or codeine, or using heroin with fentanyl (common in street drugs), multiplies overdose risk. Never combine opioids.
- Alcohol: Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant that compounds fentanyl’s breathing suppression. Even small amounts of alcohol with fentanyl can be fatal.
- Sedatives and Sleep Medications: Beyond benzodiazepines, other sedatives and sleep aids enhance fentanyl’s depressant effects, increasing extreme sedation and respiratory depression risk.
- MAO Inhibitors: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), used to treat depression, can cause dangerous reactions with fentanyl, including serotonin syndrome, severe blood pressure changes, and profound sedation.
- Other CNS Depressants: Muscle relaxants, antihistamines, and other medications that cause drowsiness or slow the central nervous system increase fentanyl risks.
- Stimulants: While seemingly opposite to fentanyl, cocaine, methamphetamine, and other stimulants create cardiovascular strain and unpredictable effects when combined with opioids. This “speedball” combination causes numerous overdose deaths.
Additionally, certain medications affect how the body processes fentanyl, either increasing or decreasing fentanyl levels in dangerous ways. These include some antifungal medications, HIV medications, and antibiotics.
Always inform every healthcare provider about all substances you take—prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, supplements, and recreational substances. Pharmacists can also check for dangerous drug interactions. If you’re using fentanyl from illicit sources, understand that street drugs often contain multiple substances, creating unpredictable and potentially fatal combinations.
What drugs should I avoid with benzodiazepines?
Benzodiazepines and Drug Interactions
Benzodiazepines like Xanax, Valium, Klonopin, and Lorazepam interact dangerously with numerous substances. Avoid combining benzos with:
- Opioids: As extensively discussed, combining benzodiazepines with fentanyl, heroin, or prescription opioids like oxycodone, hydrocodone, or codeine creates extreme overdose risk through compounded respiratory depression.
- Alcohol: Alcohol and benzodiazepines both enhance GABA activity in the brain, multiplying sedative effects. This combination causes profound sedation, memory blackouts, impaired coordination, respiratory depression, and potential death. Never mix alcohol with benzodiazepines.
- Other Benzodiazepines: Taking multiple benzos simultaneously—for example, using both Xanax and Valium—increases overdose risk without providing additional therapeutic benefit.
- Sleep Medications: Prescription sleep aids like zolpidem (Ambien) or eszopiclone (Lunesta) compound benzodiazepine sedation, creating dangerous drowsiness and breathing problems.
- Barbiturates: These older sedatives are rarely prescribed now, but combining them with benzodiazepines creates severe central nervous system depression.
- Antihistamines: Over-the-counter antihistamines like diphenhydramine (Benadryl) cause drowsiness that intensifies benzodiazepine effects, particularly dangerous in older adults.
- Muscle Relaxants: Medications like cyclobenzaprine add to benzodiazepine sedation, increasing fall risk and respiratory depression.
- Antipsychotic Medications: Some antipsychotics combined with benzodiazepines may cause excessive sedation and breathing problems.
Common benzodiazepines requiring these precautions include alprazolam (Xanax), diazepam (Valium), clonazepam (Klonopin), and lorazepam (Ativan). Even when taking benzodiazepines as prescribed for legitimate anxiety or insomnia, avoiding these dangerous combinations is essential.
Inform all healthcare providers about your benzodiazepine prescription before they prescribe other medications. Even seemingly harmless over-the-counter drugs or supplements can interact with benzos. When in doubt, consult your pharmacist about potential interactions.
If you’re dependent on benzodiazepines and other substances, professional medical treatment is crucial. Turning Point of Tampa’s medical detox program safely manages withdrawal from multiple substances simultaneously.
What is fentanyl not compatible with?
Fentanyl Incompatibilities
Fentanyl is incompatible with numerous substances, creating dangerous or fatal interactions. Beyond medications covered in previous questions, consider these additional incompatibilities:
- Street Drugs and Unknown Substances: Illicitly manufactured fentanyl has unpredictable potency and often contains additional substances. Common street drugs contaminated with fentanyl include heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, and counterfeit pills. Using any illicit substance carries fentanyl exposure risk, and combining multiple street drugs creates unpredictable, often fatal outcomes.
- Certain Antidepressants: Beyond MAO inhibitors, some other antidepressants can interact problematically with fentanyl. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) may contribute to serotonin syndrome when combined with high doses of fentanyl.
- CYP3A4 Inhibitors and Inducers: Fentanyl is metabolized by the liver enzyme CYP3A4. Medications that inhibit this enzyme—including certain antifungals (ketoconazole), antibiotics (erythromycin), and HIV medications (ritonavir)—can increase fentanyl levels to dangerous concentrations. Conversely, medications that induce CYP3A4—like rifampin and some seizure medications—may reduce fentanyl effectiveness, potentially causing patients to dangerously increase doses.
- Grapefruit Juice: This common beverage inhibits CYP3A4, potentially increasing fentanyl levels unexpectedly. While seemingly innocuous, this interaction can cause accidental overdose in patients on fentanyl patches or other prescribed forms.
- Physical and Medical Incompatibilities: Fentanyl isn’t compatible with certain medical conditions. People with respiratory problems, sleep apnea, or compromised breathing face a particularly high risk. Head injuries, brain tumors, and conditions causing increased intracranial pressure create additional dangers with fentanyl use.
The bottom line: fentanyl is an extremely potent opioid with narrow safety margins. Its compatibility issues extend far beyond obvious drug interactions. Anyone prescribed fentanyl must disclose their complete medication list, medical history, and substance use to their healthcare provider. Those using illicit fentanyl face even greater risk given unknown dosing and contamination.
Given these extensive incompatibilities and serious risks, many healthcare providers now prescribe alternative pain medications when possible, reserving fentanyl for specific situations where the benefits clearly outweigh the dangers.
Get Help at Turning Point of Tampa
If you or someone you love struggles with opioid addiction, benzodiazepine dependence, or both, Turning Point of Tampa can help. Since 1987, our family-owned facility has provided comprehensive addiction treatment, helping thousands find lasting recovery.
Our Joint Commission-accredited programs include:
- Medically supervised detoxification
- Residential treatment with 24/7 support
- Evidence-based therapies
- 12-Step integration
- Dual diagnosis treatment for co-occurring conditions
- Aftercare and alumni services
Call us 24/7, we are here to help!
Recovery is possible. Don’t wait another day to get the help you deserve.
Sources and References
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). “Drug Overdose Deaths.” https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/deaths/index.html
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). “Fentanyl DrugFacts.” https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/fentanyl
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). “Benzodiazepines and Opioids.” https://www.samhsa.gov/medication-assisted-treatment/medications-counseling-related-conditions/benzodiazepines-opioids
- Jones CM, McAninch JK. “Emergency Department Visits and Overdose Deaths From Combined Use of Opioids and Benzodiazepines.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2015. https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(15)00295-7/fulltext
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA). “FDA Requiring Boxed Warning Updated to Improve Safe Use of Benzodiazepine Drug Class.” https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-requiring-boxed-warning-updated-improve-safe-use-benzodiazepine-drug-class
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research. “Insights Into Mixing Fentanyl and Benzodiazepines From Canadian Drug Seizures.” JAMA Psychiatry. 2022. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/2786429
- Gudin JA, Mogali S, Jones JD, Comer SD. “Risks, Management, and Monitoring of Combination Opioid, Benzodiazepines, and/or Alcohol Use.” Postgraduate Medicine. 2013. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3810/pgm.2013.07.2684
- Park TW, Saitz R, Ganoczy D, Ilgen MA, Bohnert AS. Benzodiazepine prescribing patterns and deaths from drug overdose among US veterans receiving opioid analgesics: case-cohort study.” BMJ. 2015. https://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h2698
- Funk MJ, McGrath LJ, Mastro KA, Suarez EA, Cole SR, Jonsson Funk M. “Timing of Initiation of Opioid Therapy and Opioid-related Adverse Events in a North Carolina Medicaid Population.” American Journal of Epidemiology. 2018. https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/187/8/1663/4956077
- Hirsch A, Proescholdbell SK, Bronson W, Dasgupta N. “Prescription Histories and Dose Strengths Associated With Overdose Deaths.” Pain Medicine. 2014. https://academic.oup.com/painmedicine/article/15/7/1187/1853759
About Turning Point of Tampa
Turning Point of Tampa is a family-owned addiction treatment center serving the Tampa community since 1987. Accredited by the Joint Commission, we provide comprehensive care from medical detox through aftercare services for individuals struggling with opioid addiction, benzodiazepine dependence, and other substance use disorders. Our evidence-based, 12-step grounded approach has helped thousands achieve lasting recovery. For more information, call 813.882.3003 or visit www.tpoftampa.com.